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The opportunity of membrane technology for hydrogen purification in the power to hydrogen (P2H) roadmap

Hiep Thuan Lu, Wen Li, Ehsan Soroodan Miandoab, Shinji Kanehashi, Guoping Hu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 464-482 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1983-0

摘要： The global energy market is in a transition towards low carbon fuel systems to ensure the sustainable development of our society and economy. This can be achieved by converting the surplus renewable energy into hydrogen gas. The injection of hydrogen (≤10% v/v) in the existing natural gas pipelines is demonstrated to have negligible effects on the pipelines and is a promising solution for hydrogen transportation and storage if the end-user purification technologies for hydrogen recovery from hydrogen enriched natural gas (HENG) are in place. In this review, promising membrane technologies for hydrogen separation is revisited and presented. Dense metallic membranes are highlighted with the ability of producing 99.9999999% (v/v) purity hydrogen product. However, high operating temperature (≥300 °C) incurs high energy penalty, thus, limits its application to hydrogen purification in the power to hydrogen roadmap. Polymeric membranes are a promising candidate for hydrogen separation with its commercial readiness. However, further investigation in the enhancement of H /CH selectivity is crucial to improve the separation performance. The potential impacts of impurities in HENG on membrane performance are also discussed. The research and development outlook are presented, highlighting the essence of upscaling the membrane separation processes and the integration of membrane technology with pressure swing adsorption technology.

关键词： power to hydrogen membrane technology hydrogen energy

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风氢互补发电系统构建初探

徐晔,陈晓宁

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第11期页码 83-88

摘要：

为了解决风力发电输出功率的不平稳性和电压的波动性，以解决并网的瓶颈问题，提出风氢互补发电系统，将风力发电输出“波谷”对应的可控出力作为风电场能保证恒定输出的功率，“波峰”至“波谷”之间对应的不可控的出力，采用“波峰”制氢进行“削峰”、“波谷”氢气发电进行“填谷”的方式进行平衡。并以如东风电场为例进行了实例分析与计算，结果证明采用该风氢互补系统基本能保证发电输出平衡，是解决风电并网有效可行的途径。

关键词：风力发电氢能发电制氢储氢

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The world’s first offshore wind power non-desalination of seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 317-319 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0888-2

摘要： The world’s first offshore wind power non-desalination of seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production successfully tested in Fujian, China

关键词： China wind power non

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氢储能在我国新型电力系统中的应用价值、挑战及展望

许传博 ,刘建国

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第3期页码 89-99 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.010

摘要：

加快发展氢能产业，是应对实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标和保障国家能源安全的战略选择。氢储能具有跨季节、跨区域和大规模存储的优势，同时具备一定的快速响应能力，在新型电力系统的“源网荷”各个环节均有很强的应用价值。本文剖析了氢储能相对其他储能技术的优势，阐述了新型电力系统对氢能的诉求，并构建了氢储能在新型电力系统“源网荷”中的应用价值体系。研究认为，氢储能在储存容量和放电时长等性能指标上可满足新型电力系统的要求，但在投资成本和转化效率方面与要求仍有一定差距；氢能系统与电力系统缺乏跨领域协同，氢储能在新型电力系统中的应用缺少相应的激励配套政策；在可再生能源制氢、电氢耦合运行控制和氢燃料电池发电等方面仍存在标准体系不健全甚至空白的问题。为此本文建议，现阶段应以效率高、成本低“电‒ 氢”广义氢储能方式为主，“电‒ 氢‒ 电”狭义氢储能方式为辅；充分发挥氢能市场、电力市场和碳市场力量，促进氢储能低碳低成本健康发展；积极探索氢能在不同距离尺度下的运输方式组合，解决氢能资源与负荷逆向分布难题；加快完善电氢耦合产业新型标准体系建设，抢占国际标准化制高点。

关键词：氢储能；新型电力系统；氢储存技术；新能源发电

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可再生电能制氢路线的科研前沿、技术瓶颈和解决方案展望 Review

胡国平, 陈超, 卢合顺, 吴越, 刘聪敏, 陶乐夫, 门昱含, 何广利, 李刚

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第12期页码 1364-1380 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.04.016

摘要：

由于电转氢（power to hydrogen, P2H）技术工艺成熟，灵活性高，目前其工程验证项目较多，有效的技术数据和经济数据来源广泛，因此电转氢可以有效地解决可再生能源供给与市场需求之间的不平衡问题

关键词：电转氢可再生能源氢能能源

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非并网风电电解水制氢系统及应用研究

颜卓勇,孔祥威

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第3期页码 30-29

摘要：

2013年中国风电新增装机容量为16.1 GW，累计装机容量为91.42 GW，两项指标均居世界第一，却有大量风机不能并网发电。当前，并网难已成为我国大规模风电发展中的突出问题。非并网风电是指风电系统的终端负荷不再是传统的单一电网，而是通过必要的技术创新与集成，直接应用于一系列能适应风电特性的高载能产业及其他特殊领域。在江苏大丰市建成日产120 Nm3非并网风电电解水制氢系统示范工程。该系统利用1台30 kW风机和1台10 kW风机共同给电解水制氢装置供电，采用非并网风电供电模式，风电联网不并网，消除了风电对电网的冲击，实现风电100 %高效、低成本利用。该系统的研究可以揭示风电与电解水制氢工艺之间的耦合规律。

关键词：非并网；风电；电解水制氢

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海上风电开发与多能源协同供电规模化制氢（氧）产业基地建设研究

金春鹏

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第3期页码 56-59

摘要：

中国风能资源丰富，沿海尤其是近海海域风能资源更为丰富，为大规模、超大规模海上风电发展创造了巨大空间。大规模非并网风电的应用，更是开辟了一条中国特色风电多元化发展之路。本文分析了海上风能资源布局及沿海风电开发现状；在风电非并网理论指导下，以规模化制氢产业为例，探讨非并网风电与高载能产业间的链合路径，并构建相应产业链；依据产业链合机制，探讨多能源协同供电规模化制氢（氧）产业基地建设的实施目标与战略规划。

关键词：海上风电；多能源协同供电；规模化制氢（氧）；产业基地

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我国绿氢供应体系建设思考与建议

杜忠明,郑津洋,戴剑锋,施建峰,花争立,李博,张彤枫,侯孟婧

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第6期页码 64-71 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.06.005

摘要：

在碳中和战略目标引领下，能源生产消费方式转向绿色低碳，将推动氢能供应体系逐步以绿氢为基础进行重塑；绿氢将成为新能源供给消纳体系的重要组成部分，因而加强绿氢供应体系建设有助于能源生产消费方式变革。本文在阐述绿氢供应体系建设必要性的基础上，剖析了绿氢供应体系建设面临的挑战，如绿氢资源与需求空间分布不匹配、绿氢生产与消费时间特性不匹配、现有体制机制及标准与绿氢供应体系不匹配；凝练了强化氢储运关键基础问题研究、加快氢储运技术装备攻关、提升氢储运装备安全检测技术水平等重点研究方向，力求以氢储运环节的高质量发展支撑绿氢供应体系建设。研究提出，采用氢电融合发展的系统性思维，统筹构建我国绿氢供应体系；氢储运是连接上游电解水制氢、下游氢消纳应用的关键环节，在调节绿氢供需时空错配、实现绿氢灵活供应方面发挥重要作用。为此建议，注重顶层设计、统筹规划布局，建设基础设施、化解时空错配矛盾，开展试点示范、驱动技术创新，完善体制机制、营造发展环境，以此促进绿氢供应体系高质量建设。

关键词：绿氢；氢能供应体系；氢储运；氢电融合

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非并网风电制氢及其在绿色交通物流中的应用

周凌云,王超

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第3期页码 50-55

摘要：

全球二氧化碳减排巨大压力给了氢能一次绝好的发展机遇，也加速了氢能技术的发展。水分解制氢是制氢技术的主要方向，但其依赖用电分解，能耗巨大，唯有与其他洁净能源如太阳能、风能等相匹配，才能降低成本。针对风电间歇波动、不可直接并网特点，探索开发利用我国黄海辐射沙洲丰富的风能资源，提出基于非并网风电技术制氢及其在绿色交通物流中应用模式和途径，对于综合开发风电资源、拓展氢能应用和绿色交通物流发展具有重要意义。

关键词：氢能；辐射沙洲；非并网风电；绿色交通物流；运输产业链

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氢动力——从小型汽车到重型交通工具

Chris Palmer

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第12期页码 1333-1335 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.10.006

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风光波动电源下质子交换膜电解水制氢技术发展与应用

丁历威 ,彭笑东 ,侯继彪 2,康伟 ,吕洪坤 ,章康 ,侯成龙

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第6期页码 237-247 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.06.020

摘要：

发展具有波动性负荷跟随能力的质子交换膜（PEM）电解水技术，是实现可再生能源耦合电解水制氢、促进可再生能源消纳的有效途径。本文梳理了风电耦合制氢、光伏发电耦合制氢等可再生电力制氢场景，分析了可再生能源的波动特性；从风光波动电源对电解池影响显著、风光波动电源加速电解池部件衰减、风光波动电源模拟方式三方面，详细阐述了PEM电解水制氢的基本特性以及研究进展；进一步讨论了PEM电解槽技术研发、PEM电解槽制氢技术发展方向。在把握风光耦合制氢现状及经济性、明晰风光波动电源电解水制氢产业应用态势的基础上，提出了深化研究高效电解池的基础科学问题和核心部件、进一步降低制氢成本、开展风光耦合制氢优化布局和制度保障研究等发展建议，以期促进可再生能源制氢产业的高质量发展。

关键词：可再生电力；风光波动电源；电解水制氢；质子交换膜

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Power to gas: addressing renewable curtailment by converting to hydrogen

Xiaohe YAN, Xin ZHANG, Chenghong GU, Furong LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 560-568 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0588-5

摘要： Renewable energy is the key to meeting increasing electricity demand and the decarburization targets in the generation mix. However, due to constrained power network capacity, a large volume of renewable generation is curtailed particularly from wind power, which is a huge waste of resources. There are typically three approaches to addressing excessive renewable: direct curtailment, the reinforcement of networks to expand transfer capacity, and the conversion of excessive renewable into other energy types, such as hydrogen, to transport. The costs and benefits of the three approaches could vary significantly across location, time, and penetration of renewable energy. This paper conducts a cost-benefit analysis and comparison of the three techniques to address wind curtailment. It uses a reduced 16-busbar UK transmission network to analyze the performance of the three approaches. The UK 2020 generation mix is used to quantify the saved renewable energy and incurred costs. The payback time and net present value of the two investment techniques are compared. From demonstration, it is reasonable to conclude that converting excessive wind power into hydrogen to transport is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective way to address wind curtailment.

关键词： blending hydrogen cost-benefit analysis electrolysis wind curtailment

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A systemic review of hydrogen supply chain in energy transition

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 102-122 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0861-0

摘要： Targeting the net-zero emission (NZE) by 2050, the hydrogen industry is drastically developing in recent years. However, the technologies of hydrogen upstream production, midstream transportation and storage, and downstream utilization are facing obstacles. In this paper, the development of hydrogen industry from the production, transportation and storage, and sustainable economic development perspectives were reviewed. The current challenges and future outlooks were summarized consequently. In the upstream, blue hydrogen is dominating the current hydrogen supply, and an implementation of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) can raise its cost by 30%. To achieve an economic feasibility, green hydrogen needs to reduce its cost by 75% to approximately 2 /kg at the large scale. The research progress in the midterm sector is still in a preliminary stage, where experimental and theoretical investigations need to be conducted in addressing the impact of embrittlement, contamination, and flammability so that they could provide a solid support for material selection and large-scale feasibility studies. In the downstream utilization, blue hydrogen will be used in producing value-added chemicals in the short-term. Over the long-term, green hydrogen will dominate the market owing to its high energy intensity and zero carbon intensity which provides a promising option for energy storage. Technologies in the hydrogen industry require a comprehensive understanding of their economic and environmental benefits over the whole life cycle in supporting operators and policymakers.

关键词： hydrogen production hydrogen transportation and storage hydrogen economy carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology assessment

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大规模海上风电的非并网多元化应用研究——变海上风电场输电上岸为直接输产品上岸的探索

顾为东

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第11期页码 78-82

摘要：

针对海上风电大规模发展成本高、并网难、故障概率高的瓶颈，提出了一种海上大规模风电非并网多元化应用系统。该系统突破海上大规模风电并网的单一应用模式，通过必要的技术创新与集成，将大规模海上风电与高载能产业（如海水淡化、电解水制氢和电解铝等）直接耦合形成一个完整的新系统，变海上风电场输电上岸为直接输产品上岸，不仅破解了大规模、超大规模海上风电应用难题，而且大幅度节省海上风电场投资成本，提高了风电利用效率，具有十分重要的现实和战略意义。

关键词：海上风电非并网海水淡化制氢电解铝

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Recent advances of small-molecule fluorescent probes for detecting biological hydrogen sulfide

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 34-63 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2050-1

摘要： H₂S is well-known as a colorless, acidic gas, with a notoriously rotten-egg smell. It was recently revealed that H₂S is also an endogenous signaling molecule that has important biological functions, however, most of its physiology and pathology remains elusive. Therefore, the enthusiasm for H₂S research remains. Fluorescence imaging technology is an important tool for H₂S biology research. The development of fluorescence imaging technology has realized the study of H₂S in subcellular organelles, facilitated by the development of fluorescent probes. The probes reviewed in this paper were categorized according to their chemical mechanism of sensing and were divided into three groups: H₂S reducibility-based probes, H₂S nucleophilicity-based probes, and metal sulfide precipitation-based probes. The structure of the probes, their sensing mechanism, and imaging results have been discussed in detail. Moreover, we also introduced some probes for hydrogen polysulfides.

关键词： hydrogen sulfide fluorescent probe reducibility nucleophilicity copper sulfide precipitate hydrogen polysulfides